Francois gagne model of giftedness and adhd

 The artist is nothing without the gift,
but the gift is nothing without work.

Emile Zola.

Francoys Gagné differentiates clearly between gifts (natural abilities) and talents (systematically developed from gifts) .

Gagné thinks that all talents are developed from natural abilities through learning influenced by inner and outer catalysts. The main components of Gagné's model - which he refined several times - are:

Natural Abilities

Gagné lists four domains of natural abilities, which according to him are mostly genetically determined:

• intellectual abilities: reasoning, memory, sense of observation, judgement, and metacognition;
• creative abilities: inventiveness, imagination, originality, and fluency;
• socioaffective abilities: perceptiveness, communication (empathy and tact), and influence;
• sensorimotor abilities: sensitivity (the senses), strength, endurance, coordination and